Indus Day & Pakistan’s Depleting Water Resources

Pakistan is in drought. Rivers are flowing with 30% less water than what they normally do in January. For a country whose econnomy depends on agriculture and irrigation water, drought couldn’t have come at a worst time.

The photo above shows dry bed of river Indus on March 14, 2009 downstream of Kotri barrage at Jamshoro. Indus by the way is supposed to collect water from all major rivers of Pakistan. This photo shows the reality of Pakistan’s supposedly all-year flowing river.

An excerpt from today’s Dawn news reads:

The Pakistan Meteorological Department has said that the country had already crossed two stages of drought, meteorological and hydrological drought, and was now entering the emerging agricultural drought stages, resulting in crop failures in arid areas and drought conditions in irrigated plains.

Following is another photo of dry bed of Indus downstream of Hyderabad in November 2009.

Officials of the Indus River System Authority (IRSA) which manages water resources have said on Jan 25, 2010 that the rate of water flow in country’s four major rivers had fallen from 47,000 cubic feet per second last year to 37,000 cubic feet per second this year.

The total water stored in the Tarbela and Mangla reservoirsdropped by 34 percent over the year — down from nearly 2.26 million acre-feet in January 2009 to nearly 1.5 million acre-feet in January 2010. According to a Jan 16, 2010 news item water level in Tarbela reservoir was 131 feet below maximum and in Mangla it was128 feet below maximum.

As water resources deplete, the general fear is that Pakistan’s political and regional conflicts will emerge stronger. While the problem is not confined to any one province but when water resources get stressed the strain shows in the form of allegations and polarization of people into groups. Regional tonga parties which otherwise don’t get any support can suddenly exploit thousands to support their slogans of‘mazloomiat’ (being exploited).

Therefore it was not very surprising to see the unanimous support ‘Indus River Day’ received in Sindh province on Jan 24, 2009. It was not covered widely by the National Press but few photographs that I’ve seen from the event showed the passion with which people in Sindh consider this to be an issue which is very close to them.

The photo to the left above shows traffic jam on Khairpur-Larkana bridge on River Indus as large number of people throng to the river banks to mark the ‘Indus Day’

The photo to the right shows an old timer praying at the banks of Indus in Larkana on the occasion of Indus River day.

While regional parties of Sindh made it a point to bring their supporters in large numbers to the banks of Indus and throw tonnes of rose petals into the river, one of the larger political parties of the country - which does business at National level - also offered ‘namaz-e-istasqa’ (prayer for rains) in their Karachi offices.

The photo to the left shows rose petals being thrown into Indus waters as a gesture of thanks and prayers to the river water which supports life and economy of many here.

I believe it is indeed a national problem which needs a national solution.

For the past many years, somebody keeps coming up with an idea of melting glaciers to fill up our dams. This idea appears in National Press every now and then. Does it hold any serious merit? To me it seems like killing the goose that lays golden eggs to get all the eggs now. Bad idea. For a qucik reward we shouldn’t mess with the nature more than we already have. I am sure these glaciers don’t form overnight or every year. They have been in Pakistan probably since the last ice age.

The photo above shows dry spill ways of Rawal Dam on last sunday (Jan 24, 2010). The water has gone down below dead level here.

Whether making one large Kalabagh dam is the solution, I don’t know for sure. I’ll let our readers judge and comment on the merits of larger versus smaller dams. I do tend to think that conservation at regional levels by small dams is better. They will have smaller environmental impact. While drought cannot be tamed, its effects can be reduced by recycling of domestic water and channelled (or even covered) water ways with concrete lining. ‘magar is meiN parti hai mehnat ziyaada’. Where will the funds come from for such infrastructure improvement? Do we have a collective insight to channel funds towards water conservation. These days all the countries want to donate something to Pakistan - may be its time to ask them and our own ashaab-e-ikhtiaar (decision makers) to invest in Pakistan’s Water Resources for the stability of the country and the region.

I want to end this post with following astonishing photo where people are seen walking at leisure on dry Indus bed at Jamshoro on June 29, 2009.

Golf and Pakistan

If there ever was a place on the planet where you could play golf like a lord and pay like a knave, it would be Pakistan.

(Royal Palm Golf Club, Lahore, Pakistan)

Pakistan is the most well kept secret golfing destination as it has some of the most spectacular courses that are open year round. The alluvial soil of the Punjab plains coupled with the Himalayan backdrop provides a natural ecosystem for an interesting golf course layout. Pakistanis are also naturally talented as golfers as they on the average tend to have very good fine motor control and an Asian mindset that marries competitiveness with a balanced inner calm. The fine motor control and good hand eye coordination has been shown by Pakistani athletes in the fields of squash, field hockey, cricket(yikes) and badminton.

Golf came to Pakistan generally as a result of foreign presence. My first experience on a golf course was at the Peshawar golf course that was built on a dried lake bed. The first nine holes are one of the greenest in Pakistan. Pakistan Air Force Commanders got the golf bug and provided the support to make golf one of the sports they adopted along with squash. My parents got into the game at Risalpur Air Force Base in the early 60s. An old World War II base was converted into a the golf course. The runway became the fairway for a couple of holes. The old air traffic control tower was converted into the club house.

Pakistani golf courses tend to have indigenous grass that is is quite hardy and can withstand hot temperatures. The blades tend to grow horizontally and don’t need much of watering. Most of the courses are only sparsely watered, and as a result have a harder surface when compared to those in the US. As a result of grass type and limited watering, the golf swing that works is a shallower one that does not require a divot. Picking the ball clean and letting it run after it drops is the typical way most Pakistanis learn to play.

Trapping the ball is a challenge due to the harder surface and therefore difficult to spin the ball. The greens tend to be well maintained but are generally slower than those in the US. Most Pakistani golf courses are private and tend to fall into three categories.

• First category are the old golf courses like Rawal Pindi, Lahore Gymkhana, Peshawar Golf Course, Islamabad Golf Course etc. They are generally well maintained and have old trees and a lot of character. The Rawal Pindi Golf course is the oldest golf course. It was completed in 1926. The facility was initially developed as a nine-hole course. After several phases of development, it is now a 27-hole course. The clubhouse is perched on a hill, from where there is a panoramic view of the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The foothills of Himalayas provide the backdrop.
• The second category are courses maintained by Pakistani Armed Forces and government entities like Railways etc. They tend to be relatively new and not open to general membership. Their quality varies from place to place. If you can get in , the cost of playing is minimal. The third category are the premier golf courses like Royal Palm in Lahore and Arabian Sea Country Club in Karachi. They are world class courses that have manicured fairways and greens; and are from a Pakistani perspective quite costly to join and play. Pakistan Open joined the Asian PGA tour at Arabian Sea Course in 2006.
• Then there are some golf courses in exotic places like Bhurban in the Himalayas. It is a nine hole course adjacent to a luxury hotel situated in and around a saddle hill between to mountains. One par three hole that requires extreme focus as the there is a deep ravine between the tee and the green with swirling winds.

On the average Pakistanis tend to play regularly. The caddies are common, as they are inexpensive to get. Not many courses have golf carts. This actually results in less wear and tear of the fairways given the heavy use they get, even though most are private courses. Many of the caddies are scratch players and can guide visitors like me about the local conditions. In many courses there are even “agay walaas”. They are the ball boys walking ahead to keep an eye on an errant ball.

There are many reasons inhibiting Pakistani players from reaching the top in world golf:

• There are no structured and quality golf schools.
• Because most courses are private, the cost of joining is prohibitive from the Pakistani perspective.
• Those who can overcome these hurdles are mostly constrained to playing in conditions that are relatively tame from the world standard.
• The length of the courses tend to be on the shorter side.
• The Himalayas create such barrier to winds that the South Asian sub continent does not have windy playing conditions that are common elsewhere.
• The golf courses tend not to have elevation changes of contoured fairways with sloping lies, as that would be difficult to irrigate and maintain in the hot season.
• These relatively tame conditions don’t challenge Pakistani players to prepare for much tougher conditions when they go abroad.

To get a feel for what comparable golf outings would cost in Pakistan and US, let us compare Rawal Pindi Golf Club and Royal Palm of Lahore with Stow Acres North Course in Massachusetts USA:

• At the semi-private Rawalpindi Golf Club the Green Fees are the equivalent of US$4 and the Caddy Fee is US$3.
• At the private Royal Palm in Lahore, the Green Fees are US$25 (as guest) and Caddy Fee is US$3.
• At the public Stow Acres in USA the Green Fees are US$60 and the Cart Fee is US$18.

As it turns out Pakistani industry produces many golf supplies leveraging their textile and leather base. Pakistani T-shirts, caps, towels, trousers, gloves, bags and head covers are sold world wide under different brand names.

The number of golf courses are on the increase with the increasing middle class. Most of the new golf courses are being built with the higher end housing developments. There needs to be a concerted effort to create public courses, as this would allow the public to play golf. This would provide a healthy outlet where not many currently exist. Golf has now also been included in Olympics and offers amateurs a chance for fame and fortune.